Type-writing machine



(No Model.) I 9 Sheets-Sheet 1 H. W. SOUD'ER.

TYPE WRITING MAGHINE.

No. 580,014. Patented Apr. 6, 1897.

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\ (No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 2. H. W. SOUDER.

TYPE WRITING MAGHINE. No. 580,014. Patented Apr. 6, 1897.

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No. 580,014. Patented Apr. 6, 1897.

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H. W. SOUDER.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

Patented A1516, 1897.

WIZ/VESSES (N0 Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 5.

H. W. SOUDER.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

Patented Apr. 6, 1897.

WIZJVE'SSE'S H. W. SOUDER. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

9 Sheets-Sheet- 6.

(No Model.)

N9. 580,014. Patented Apr. 6. 1897.

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H. W. SOUDER.

TYPE WRITING MAGHINE.

No. 580,014. Patented Apr. 6, 1897'.

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H. W. SOUDER. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 580,014. Patented Apr. 6, 1897.

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9 Sheets (No Model.)

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H. W. SOUDBR. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

Patented Apr. 6,1897:

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U ITED STATES Q 'PATLNT' FFICE HOWELL \Y. SOUDER, OF TAMAQUA, PENNSYLVANIA.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECEFIGATION forming part of Letters Eatent No. 580,014, dated April 6, 1897.

Application filed January 28, 1893. Serial No. 459,984. (No model.)

To all? mil/0712 77L/LZ/ concern.-

Be it known that I, HOWELL XV. SOUDER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Tamaqua, in the county of Schuylkill, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Type-\Vriting Machine, of which the following is a description.

As is indicated'by its title, the invention relates to the well-known class of printing-machines which are ordinarily designated as type-writers and the object of the invention is to produce at a moderate cost a machine of this class which in its construction shall be simple and durable and which in its operation shall be capable of use in diverse ways in producing a variety of work with ease and cclerity and with comparatively little noise from manipulation of the machine.

.Vith' this object in view the invention consists in various novel parts and in various novel combinations of parts in a type-writin g machine wherein a longitudinally placed type-wheel is made movable transversely of the machine, whereby a transverse]y-movable type-wheel is provided with antifrict-ion-roll ers, whereby a transversely-movable typewheel is combined for operation with a transversely-extending supporting-shaft,.whereby a transversely-movable type-wheel is made retractable, wherein a type-wheelsupporting shaft is made restrictedly rotatory upon its journals, whereby a type-wheel-supporting shaft is made variably rotative upon its journals, whereby a type-wheel-supporting shaft is caused to move a feeding device over a variable number of letter-spaces, whereby the alinement of the characters upon the typewheel is regulated and controlled, whereby the alinement-lever when it has brought the character into alinement is permitted to continue its movement and cause the platen to incline against the type-wheel to receive impression, whereby the platen is made movable in an arc in a vertical plane to and from the periphery of the type-wheel, whereby an arm or carrier which engages the type-wheel is impelled transversely of the machine, whereby an arm or carrier is engaged by and has movement between and along transverse guide-supports or guideways, whereby an arm or carrier which is engaged in transverse guideways engages a transversely-movable secondary reel or shaft as the lines and sheets are printed, whereby a feeding device is made capable of such adjustment as to be moved continuously over one letter-space or continuously over two letter-spaces at the will of the operator,whereby a feeding device is continuously maintained in such adjustment as to permit it to be moved over five letter-spaces, whereby a-feeding device is made capable of such adjustment as automatically to cause some of the keys which control the alinement of the characters to move such feeding device over three letter-spaces, some of such keys to move it over four letter-spaces, some to move it over five letter-spaces, and a few to move it over six letter-spaces, whereby the machine is made capable of producing character-impressions either by means of directly-inked type applied directly upon the paper or through the medium of an inked ribbon, whereby two inked ribbons, which may be either of different colors, or one carbon and the other copying, maybe carried upon the machine simultaneously and used interchangeably, whereby an inking-ribbon is automatically transferred back and forth from one reel to another, whereby character-impressions are produced noiselessly through contact of a platen and a vertically and longitudinally arranged type-who e1, whereby the machine is made operative to produce printed matter in two colors, whereby the machine is made operative to produce at a single impression words of either two, three, four, or five letters and to cause a feeding device to move over one space more than the number of letters contained in the word which is being printed, whereby the machine is made operative to print at one impression prefixes of a variable number of letters and to cause a feed ing device to be moved over as many spaces as shall equal the number of letters in the prefix printed, whereby the machine is made operative to print at one impression affixes of a variable number of letters and to cause a feeding device to be moved over one letterspace more than the number of letters in the aifix printed, whereby the spacing in statements and between sentences may be made by causing a feeding device with one depression to move over five letter-spaces, whereby the machine is adapted, through the operation of a shifting mechanism, to produce printed matter in cipher, whereby the machine is made operative, through change of position of an adjustable portion of the type wheel, to produce printed matter in cipher, whereby the machine is made operative for the translation of matter which is printed in cipher, and in various other novel parts, groups, organizations, or combinations of parts, whereby the machine is in various respects and as a whole rendered more simple and durable in its construction, more multifarious in its functions, and more easy, effective, useful, and generally satisfactory in its operation, as will first be described, with particular reference to its various details of construction, and then specifically and distinctly set forth in the paragraphs which fol low such detailed description.

In the accompanying drawings, which con stitute a part of this specification, Figure 1 represents a top plan view of the operative parts of the type-writing machine. Fig. 2 represents a side elevation, a roll of paper having been sleeved upon the paper reel or shaft. Fig. 3 represents a plan view of the keyboard, showing the arrangement of the keys. Fig. 4 represents a side elevation of the type-wheel, with its interior antifriction attachments, and as when provided with peripheral ink supplying and distributing appliances. Fig. at represents an edge view of the pinioned antifriction-roller and the coilspring attached to its shaft and also a face view of the same. Fig. r represents an end or edge view of one of the inking appliances detached, the central portion of the same being represented in vertical section to show more clearly the ink chamber or receptacle and the threads upon the in k-cxpellin g screw. Fig. et represents a side elevation of the typerim and its carrier, portions of the carrier bein g broken out. Figet represents a transverse vertical central section of the type-wheel, in part in elevation, the wheel having been detached from its supportingshaft. Fig. at represents an elevation of one of the key-stems, enlarged. Fig. 4 is a partial side elevation of the type-wheel slightly modified. Figs. 4S and 4- are details representing the means for and manner of supporting the interchangeable type-rims when they are not in use. Fig. 5

Fig. 6

represents a side elevation of the ratchetattachment and its immediate connections detached from its connection with the platen. Figs. 6 and 6" are details in side elevation representing in different adjustments the mechanism by which motion communicated to the key-stems is transmitted to the connecting-bars and their attachments. Fig. 7 represents a perspective view of the feeding and release appliances of the type-wheel detached. Fig. 7 represents a perspective view of the keys which operate the platen-feed, the key of the release appliance of the typewheel, and the 5-space key and its connections with the ratchet-bars. Fig. 7 represents a detail perspective view of the paperroller, paper-guides, and scale detached from the platen. Fig. '7 is a detail top plan view of the ratchet-bars, showing the manner in which they are supported and operated. Fig. '7 is a front elevation of the ratcl1etbars and their-immediate connections, as represented in Fig. 7. Fig. 7 g is a detail side elevation representing the ratchet-bars in their relation to the feed-arm, the connecting-bar, the shiftrod, and its spring-handle and stop. Fig. 7 is a detail front elevation, the right wall of the machine being represented in vertical section, showing the parts represented in Fig. 7 and in addition a plan of the engaging bar or wedge. Fig. 8 represents a portion of the release appliance of the type-wheehconsisting of the rearwardly-projecting arm with pawls and lift attached thereto and ratchetbars in section. Fig. 9 represents a perspective view of the appliances whereby the inking-ribbon is supported and whereby it is changed in its adjustment. Fig. 9 represents an edge view and a plan view of the ratchetwheel of the ribbon-feed. Fig. 0 is a detail side elevation showing the relation of the inkingribbons to the type-wheel and its related parts. Fig. 0 is a detail rear elevation further illustrative of the manner in which the inking appliances are attached, supported, and operated. Fig. 10 represents a perspective View of the mechanism employed for changing the sets of printing-characters. Fig. 10 represents a detail longitudinal central sec tion of the wheel-shaft and its attachment. Fig. 1O is a detail perspective elevation further illustrating the mechanism whereby the wheel-shaft is operated. Fig. 11 represents a perspective view of the cam and its attachments for operating the ratchet-bar of the feeding appliances in connection with the imprint of complete words. Fig. 12 is a detail front elevation, and Fig. 13 is a detail in side elevation, further representing the means whereby the extent of movement of the shiftrod in a vertical plane is regulated or controlled. Fig. li is a detail showing more fully the mechanism by which the machine is adapted to produce matter in cipher. Figs. 15 and 16 are detail elevations, partly in transverse vertical section, showing the relation of the key-stems and their rods to the key'plates and the interconnecting mechanism, Fig. 15 representing the parts as when the machine is at rest and Fig. 16 representing the hey-stem as depressed and the key-plate as moved to theleft. Fig. 17 represents faces of segments of type-rims.

As represented in the plan View, Fig. 1, of the machine A, the eoveringplate a (seen in Fig. 2) is removed to expose to view the front plate a, the side plates a a with their rear extensions a and the rear plate a which together constitute the body or frame of the machine, upon which are supported, directly or indirectly, all the operative parts thereof.

In the following description the construction of the various parts and a clear indication of the operation and functions of each will be blended,and this will be succeeded by a distinct general description of the operation and of the various adjustments of the parts of the mechanism, whereby the numerous advantageous results of which they are capable are readilyaud, certainly produced.

As will be seen in Figs. 1, 2, 4:, 4, at, 5, 7, and 11, a type-wheel is employed which consists of a central portion or carrier Z) and an encircling type-rim U. The type-rim may be removed from the carrier and replaced by any one of several others which accompany the machine, such type-rims being exact duplicates, except as to the size, style, and arrangement of their characters. 011 the concave side of each type-rim are three equidistaut square-bodied lugs Z). (See Fig. 4 In the perimeter of the carrier 1) are three equidistant square notches I)", Fig. 4, of a size slightly larger than the lugs b and on the convex surface of the carrier is a longitudinal groove 12 Fig. at, having therein three equidistant stops, which are placed midway between the square notches Z)". The longitudinal groove 11 is of such a size as to permit the lugs b to be received snugly therein. By bringing the lugs 11 of any of the type-rims to the notches b of the carrier such type-rim mayeither he slipped entirely over the carrier or simply far enough on it to permit the lugs Z) upon rotation of the typerim to slip within the groove h until brought against the stops in the groove. The typerim will then be firmly held in place by the latch-spring and pin b Figs. at and at.

All the type-rims which accompany a machine are adapted to encircle the triangular shaft h those not in immediate use being for convenience suspended upon any suitable holders or hangers which project from the frame a a, such holders or hangers being in any convenient number and each capable of receiving several type-rims.

The printing-characters are placed longitudinally upon the convex sides of the typerims and are arranged thereon in three equal segments of a circle. The rims are of two kinds so far as their characters are concerned those which contain capitals, small letters, figures, and punctuation-marks and those which contain capitals, complete words, afiixes and suffixes, and figures and punctuation-marks. The type-rims which contain capitals and small letters'have the characters arranged in the following manner: One segment contains the small letters, the letter most frequently used being placed on that portion of the segment which comes first in alinement, the remaining letters being arranged along such segment in such order of succession that the letter least frequently used is most distant from the letter which is most frequently used. Another segment contains capital letters, their order of succession exactly corresponding with that of the small letters. The remaining segment contains figures and punctuation-marks. (See Fig. 4.)

The type-rims which contain no small letters have the characters arranged in the following manner: The alphabet, figures, and punctuation-marks are arranged exactly as on the rims just described, but the 'third segment contains frequently-used words, prefixes and suffixes of two, three, four, and five letters, which are arranged in the following manner: \Vords and suffixes of two letters and prefixes of three letters are grouped on that portion of the segment which comes first in alinement; words and suffixes of three letters and prefixes of four letters are placed next on the segment in the order named; words and suffixes of four letters and prefixes of five letters follow next, and, lastly, words and suffixes of five letters.

Through the hub hit of the carrier-wheel b the centerof which is in coincidence with the center of the wheel, is a triangular opening b, Fig. 1, which is adapted to receive an equilateral triangular shaft b which ex tends horizontally across the machine in a plane perpendicular to the key-levers. Figs. 1, 5, 7, 7, and 10.) The carrier-wheel is intended to travel from side to side of the machine upon the triangular shaft 1) and to secure ease of movement such carrier-wheel runs on six antifriction-rollers Z9 b, so arranged that on each edge of such shaft run two of such antifriction-rollers-one on each side of the carrier-wheel Z). (See Fig. 1.)

Along one edge of the triangular shaft 1) extends a rack l). The antifriction-roller Z1 mounted within the carrierwheel I), is pinioned for engagement with the rack b. Mounted concentrically with such antifriction-roller, upon its tight shaft, is a small coil-spring 05, (see Fig. 4. which is nearly unwound when the carrier-wheel is at the extreme left of the shaft li looking at it from the keyboard. The coil-spring winds more tightly as the carrier-wheel is moved toward or to the right of the shaft 1) because of the movement of the pinioned antifrictionroller Z2 lengthwise along the rack Z).

The longitudinally-extending arm (1 engages the left exterior face of the carrierwheel by its terminal antifriction beveled roller d". Upon the base of the arm d gwhich (See extends between the upper and lower bars d cl of the guideway formed by said bars, are two pawls d (2 (See Figs. 1, 2, '7, and 8.) The pawls d (1 together with the guideway cl d, may be raised from their normal posi tion by depressing the key Line in the keyboard (see Figs. 3 and 7) or by elevating with the hand the lift (1. (See Figs. 2 and S.) The pawls (Z d in theirnormal position engage with a feed in such manner that while engaged the arm (1 may be freely moved tothe right, but not to the left.

The feed consists of two horizontal ratchetbars (7, and (1 which extend across the machine, one upon the other, their serrations extending rearward toward the triangular shaft 1) the lower bar (Z resting immovably upon opposite horizontal lugs, which project from the frame a a while the upper'bar d is free to move laterally along the bar d (See Figs, 7, 7, 7 7 7, 8, and 11.)

A lateral movement, controllable by the operator, to equal either one, two, three, four, five, or six letter-spaces is imparted-to the upper ratchet-bar d in four distinct ways, as follows:

First. By depressing the Spacer, Fig. 7, which rests upon the arms (Z d", both of which are rigidly fixed upon the rod (K and thus throwing forward the upright or standard d, and with it the arm or rod (Z the wedge (Z upon the extremity of the arm or rod (Z and in contact with the feed-arm (Z thereupon causing such feed-arm to incline to the left sufficiently to impart to the bar (1 a movement equal in extent to one or two letter-spaces. (See Figs. 7, 7, 7 7 and 7 Second. By means of the keys in the keyboard, excepting the keys Cap, Fig, Line, Platen-feed,and 5 space, such keys resting on the L-levers I), (see Figs. 1 and 2,) and all having heads on their vertical arms in contact with the alinement-lever b The depression of any key except those above specified operates to elevate the alinement-lever N, which, before its arc of movement is completed, brings forward the rods 0 c in manner more fully explained hereinafter. Upon the inner face of the rod 0 at the right of'the machine (see Fig. 7) is a horizontally-extending wedge-like projection (Z which is in contact with the feed-arm (Z in the manner shown, so that such rod 0 causes the feed-arm (Z to incline sufficiently to the left to impart motion to the ratchet-bar (Z for a distance equal to one or two letter-spaces. The lever (Z is fixed 011 the shift-rod (Z to which is attached the handle (Z iVhen the handle d is turned over to the left, the feedarm c1 and its fulcrum are lowered, and the ratchet-bar d is caused to move over one letter-space. lVhen the handle (Z is turned to stand vertically, the feed-arm (Z and its f ulcrum are elevated, and in operating the machine the ratchet-bar d is caused to move over two letter-spaces. Formed with or provided upon the handle (Z is a spring 61 which I is intended to maintain the handle in a vet- (See Figs. 7 and 7".)

tical position.

Third. By depressing the key (see Figs. 2 and 7 the lever 7t, by means of the rod 10 operates to elevate the horizontal arm 1& of the bell-crank lever kc, which is mounted upon pivot 70, and thus the vertical arm k of the lever is caused to incline 5' sufficiently to the left to move the ratchetbar d with which it is in contact, a distance equal to live letter-spaces.

The fourth way in which motion is imparted to the ratchet-bar (Z is through the rotation j parted to the shaft b by means of the keya board will cause the cam m, which rotates with such shaft, to operate the lever m by throwing outward that extremity of the arm or lever m which is in contact with the cam m, and thus forcing in an opposite direction the opposite extremity of such arm or lever, and with it the pin m and the ratchet-bar d As a full third of a revolution of the shaft 1) is efiected by such rotation the ratchetbar will be caused to move consecutively over three, four, five, and six letterspaces. In other words, when the lever m rests upon the pin m4 and the shift-key Cap. is depressed a portion of the keys which operate upon the alinement-lever b will give the shaft 12 snflicient rotation to move it over fourspaces. Still another portion of the keys will cause such rotation of the shaft as to move the ratchet-bar over five spaces, and a few will operate to move it over six spaces.

The feed is intended to impel the carrierwheel, space by space, along the triangular shaft Z7 from the frame a at the left toward or quite to the frame a at'the right of the shaft. Z9 in moving over the rack 19 the pinioned antifriction-roller Z2 will have given the coilspring 12 attached to its shaft, suflicient tension to return the carrier-wheel to the left of the shaft 19 from any point on said shaft to be turned on its axis by depressing any i one of the keys of the keyboard excepting only the keys .Line, Platen-feed, and 5 space.

Each of the two shift-keys Cap. and

a space f In feeding forward the carrier-wheel 1h LIA Fig. (see Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 10) gives the shaft Z1 a third of a revolution, the key Cap. causing rotation opposite to and the key Fig. similar to the movement of the hands of a clock. The object of the shift-key is to present any one of the faces of the shaft 1) with the corresponding characters upon the wheel Z), toward the platen g at the pleasure of the operator, and while so held and presented still permit said shaft to receive from the keyboard so much as a third of a revolution or definite fractions thereof.

The operation of the shift-keys is as follows: Depression of the key Fig. upon the lever e operates to bring forward the rod 6 and with it the plate a to which the rod 6 is attached. The plate a is connected at its rear extremity with the pin a and near its midlength with the shorter plate or link-bar e.

As the shorter plate or link-bar e is connected by its pin to the frame of the machine, the forward movement or opening of the plates, as shown in Fig. 10, forces the pin 6 into its guideway in the frame of the machine, (see Fig. 10,) and thereby carries with it the .lower arm of the lever 6 ful crumed at the mid-height e of the lever a (see Fig. 10,) pulls the pin or stem 6 out of the oblique groove 6 and causes rotation of the shaft b (See Figs. 10, 10, and 10".)

The operation of the key Cap. is exactly like that of the key Fig with the exception that the pin 6 of the capital-shift when forced into its guideway causes movement simultaneously with itself of the lever 6 now fulcrumed at the point 6 which pushes'the pin or stem 6 into the oblique groove 6 and thus causes rotation of the shaft 11 in an opposite direction. With the pin c inits inner adjustment, in its outer adjustment, or midway between these extremes any one of the faces of the triangular shaft Z1 is capable of being thrown toward the platen g. (See Figs. 10 and 10 The lever I) (see Figs. 1, 5, and 10) is attached to the pin a in such a manner as to permit the pin to slide longitudinally, but not to revolve within such lever, such revolution being inthis instance prevented by a spline. This arm bro of the lever Z) is connected by the rod b and the lever b with the alinementlever b Such alinement-lever b is formed at its ends with cranks be and be at its left and right extremities, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5, and is fulcrumed upon the arms which are fixed on the transverse rod 0, which has end bearings c" 0. Elevation of the alinement-lever through the full extent of the are within which it has movement causes a third of a revolution of the shaft D and with it of the type-wheel upon the shaft. It follows from this that to give the shaft 1) anything less than a third of a revolution the alinemerit-lever must be raised through only a portion of its arc of movement. Each of the keys of the keyboard, excepting the keys Cap, Fig, Line, Platen-feed, and

space, slightly raises the alinement-lever, the lift given to such lever bya particular key being just sufficient to bring into alinement opposite the platen g the character it controls on that segmental portion of the type-wheel which is presented to such platen.

The key-levers are all of the first class in the shape of an L and differ only in the length of the longer arm of the L and in having their fulcrums at different distances from the shorter arm of the L. The shorter arms of the L are all of the same length and stand verticallyin the same line, each havinga head h, which comes in contact with the alinement-lever 5 (See Figs. 2 and 5.) On the longer arm of the L is the key, the vertical stem of which passes through a drilled hole in the top plate 25 of the machine and in its lower portion is slotted or bifurcated to bestride the L-lever.

Behind the triangular wheel-shaft Z9 and parallel with it is a rubber-covered platen g, the reduced ends gc and 6 of which are journaled in bearings which are formed in the vertical rockers 0 0 which are mounted 011 the side walls of the frame of the machine by short bearin gs c c. The attachments of said platen consist of the feed-roller fr, which is" held in contact with the platen bythe springs .9, (sh own in Fig. 2,) and the paper-guides c 0 Fig. 7 the guide 0 having a scale 0 on that side which is exposed to view.

Either of the two coincident pawls g 9 Fig. 6, may be engaged with the square-toothed ratchet g on the extremity of the platen g, and through their provision such platen may be revolved in either direction, according to the requirement of the work which is being performed. The engagement of one pawl and the disengagement of the other are effected by, throwing the handle 9 of the shift-rod g backward or forward in the curved slotted yoke y, which supports the pawls. The pawl on the side toward which the rod is pushed will be disengaged by the pin on the shift-rod 9 which moves in the curved slotted yoke slipping over the small lever g which is connected with the pawl. (See Fig. 6.) The platen is caused to rotate by an upward motion of the shift-rod g which is imparted to it by depressing either of the two keys Line and f Platen-feed. Platen-feed pushes back the rod 2' The wedge-shaped point on the rear extremity of such rod is thereby caused to move rearwardly over the roller 2" upon the rocker 0, whereby a lift is given to the elbow or angle-piece g the vertical portion of which extends upwardly to a point opposite the bearings gb, and the horizontal upper extremity of Depression of the key which is pivotall y connected to the lowerex- Line operates the platen in a similar man- (See Figs. 6, 9, 9, 1 2, and 13.)

ner.

The lift given the rod g may be adjusted by the stop 9 in such manner as to cause the operating-pawl g to take either one or two of the teeth of the ratchet-wheel The stop g may be so turned on the pin which holds it to the rocker c that the rod g may rest either upon the side or upon the edge of the stop. Vhen the rod g rests upon the side of the stop g, as shown in Fig. 6, the elbow g is permitted to come into contact with the wedges 9 when they are in their seated position, and the depression of the key Platenfeed or of the key Line will cause the wedges to lift the rod 9 sufficiently to cause the operating-pawl g to take at one movement two teeth of the ratchet-wheel g hen the stop is so turned that the rod g rests on the edge of the stop, the extension will be held so far from the wedges 9 that the greatest lift they can give will cause the operating-pawl g to take only one tooth of the ratchet-wheel The platen, aside from the rotation on its axes, is subject to a vibration by which it is brought into contact with the type-wheel. This motion is produced whenever a key controlling the alinement of the characters on the type-wheel is depressed, the rockers c a being drawn forward by the rods 0 which are fulcrumed to receive motion when the arms 0 c are lifted by the alinementlever b in the manner best indicated in Figs. 6 and 6. Vhen a key brings a letter into alinement, it is there held until the platen is drawn to the type-wheel with the pressure necessary to produce impression. The platen in being brought to the type-wheel moves through a space of less than one-fourth of an inch.

In order that the impressions produced by the characters may be uniform and that perfection of imprint and beauty of the written line may be thereby maintained, the rockers 0" 0 by the stops d Fig. 7, allow the platen to come against the type-wheel with no greater pressure than is necessary to make a perfect impression, the comma, period, and other minute characters, which might otherwise easily penetrate the paper, being allowed to project just so far from the type-wheel as to permit only the proper degree of pressure required for a uniform impression.

The mechanism to secure alinement and maintain it while the platen is brought to the type-wheel to make an impression is shown in Figs. 1, 5, 6, and G", and consists of the roller I) upon the outer extremity of the short arm b at the left of the machine, the series of key-plates Z2 and the series of plate-rods b and key-rods 12 The rods 1), as shown in Figs. 1 and 5, connect the key-plates b with the rods which in turnare connected with the key-stems. In the side of each key-stem is cut a square groove by, at the lower extremity of which a transverse perforation hp is provided in the body of the key-stem, both groove and perforation being adapted to rethe key-rod (See Fig. 4 showing one of the key-stems K detached, and Figs. 15 and 1G, representing such stem and its conneciv tions.) Vhen any one of the key-stems is in its normal position, that is, before it is depressed, the bent end U of the rod Z), in connection with such stem, extends into the perforation at the bottom of the groove.

pression of the key carries downward the equal in number, each key, through the rods If and Z), being connected to one plate, which it throws into the path of the roller 12 hen a given key is depressed,the roller 1) is brought into contact with the plate controlled by such key at the exact time when the corresponding character is brought into alincment. \Vhen the alinementhas been made, itis maintained by the roller holding the type-wheel stationary, as further depression of the key is eontinned to bring the platen against the typewheel, such further depression having the effect of moving the roller 12 upward against the plate with which it is in contact, and thus causing it to raise the arms c 0 and thereby draw farther forward the lateral connectingrods 0 c to tilt forward the rockers c 0 upon which the platen rests.

The ribbon-reels r and 0- (see Figs. 2, 9, 9*, 9 and 9) are slipped upon square spindles which extend outside of the ratchet-wheelsf f, with which they revolve. The ratchetwheels have their bearings (see Fig. 9) in the ends of the long lever f which extends across the machine and outwardly through the side walls a a and is fulcrumed at its mid-length upon the pin f which projects horizontally forward from the rear wall a of the frame of the machine.

The ribbon from the reel at the left of the machine is extended upward over the guide roller f rearward toward the platen g, laterally through one of the guideslots fs at the end of the arm f", thence across the machine through the slot of the arm f at the right of the maehine,and to the reel on that side in similar manner as from the reel on the left.

The motion given to the ribbon-feed is imparted by the return of the rods 0 c after bringing the platen forward against the typewheel. The adjustment of the lever f is such that when one of the two ratchet-wheels f f is engaged with its pawl f the other will be disengaged, and as a result the reel on the side which has its ratchet engaged winds upon itself the ribbon from the other reel. When the ribbon has all been reeled to one side, being securely fastened to the reels, it takes tension and pulls upward that end of thelever ceive the laterally-bent lower extremity of] f upon which is the now unribboned reel,

engages the ratchet and pawl on that side, and thereby automatically reverses the ribhon-feed.

By the action of the springs f f the longer arms of the upwardly-curved levers)" ff elevate the ribbon and cause it to intervene between the platen g and the type-wheel, the vertical rodsf f being caused to drop by reason of their connection with the forwardlyextending horizontal armsf f of the vertical rockers 0' whenever the depression of a key causes the rods c to bring forward the platen to make an impression.

The described mechanism permits the elevation of the ribbon or ribbons to two distinct heights. If the stops f f are in a vertical position, the shorter arms of the levers f f will come to rest upon them by the drop of the rods f f, and in such case the ribbon, if in the upper slot on the longer arms of the levers f f", will be caused to intervene between the platen and the type-wheel. As the stops f f are fulcrumed in bearings j upon the inner face of the side walls a and a, they may be thrown from their vertical position by bringing into the same horizontal plane the rodsf f with which by their lower extremity they are con nected. This is accomplished by turning over to the left or depressing the key Color of the leverf f when the shorter arms of the levers f f will, by the drop of the rods f f come to rest upon the lugs through which the rods f f 12 slip, and in such case the ribbon, if in the lower slots, will be elevated and caused to intervene between the platen and the type-wheel. It fol lows from this that two ribbons may be simultaneously mounted upon the machine and used interchangeably. The ribbons employed are only one-fourth of an inch in width, and the adjustment made is such as to cause their elevation in the first half of the movement of the platen to the type-wheel.

Figs. 4, i 9", and 9 represent the device for using printers ink. In these figures 7L is a square transversely-extending rod which rests in bearings 71?) in the side walls a a of the frame of the machine. Upon the rod h is received a circular receptacle or, which contains printers ink, particles of which are forced through minute perforations p in the rim by pressure produced by means of the packed thumb-screw 72 which is screwed into the ink-chamber on the screw-thread 72, which is provided upon the solid center h of the receptacle. The ink is of such consistency as to require pressure to force it to flow from the receptacle.

Mounted in bearings above the ink-receptacle is a distributing-roller 7L6, which receives ink from the rim of the receptacle and transfers it to the face of the type. The distributing-roller alone comes in contact with the type, and in order that it may maintain its coincidence with the type-wheel it has end flanges which extend over and embrace the body of the wheel. Two of these inkers are used, one above and the other below the line of alinement, and each supported inthe manner described. lVhen either the ribbon device or the device for using printers ink is to be employed, the other will be detached.

As the platen simply vibrates, the paper to be written on may be fed into the machine from a roll. In Fig. 2 g designates a roll of paper upon a shaft which revolves on bearings in the extension a of the side walls a a The paper is transversely perforated at equal distances and separable at the perforations into sheets. If it is desired to keep the written sheets together, they may be received and held 011 the paper-covered roller 120 at the ex tremity of the swinging arms 5a, the roller revolving by reason of the contact which it maintains with the roll of paper As will be seen in Figs. 10, and 14, the clutch 6 on the pin e, forming, with the keys Cap. and Fig, part of the shifting mechanism, which operates to bring into alinement the capitals, figures, and punctualion-marks, is capable of being screwed in and out on the pin e and when adjusted is secured in position by means of a thumb-screw. Ordinarily the position of the clutch 6 on the pin 6" is such that when the keys Cap. and Fig. are in their normal position the first letter on that third or segment of the type wheel which contains the small letters will be in alinement. Such clutch, however, is capable of being so adjusted on; the pin a that when the keys Cap. and Fig. are in their normal position any letter on the type-wheel may be put in alinement. WVhen such adjustment has been made, a given key will no longer bring into -alinement the character which it indicatcs,-but some other. Again, when the lugs Z) of the detachable type-rim b are against the stop in the groove h and are held there by the spring I) the characters on the type-rim which reach alinement and make impression will correspond with the characters shown upon the keys which are depressed; but if the type-rim be given partial rotation upon its carrier 1) and be maintained in position by the engagement of the spring-pin b with one of the series of serrations 65, as represented in Fig. 1 so that the lugs 11 do not rest against the stop, the characters thrown into alinement will not correspend with thekeys which are depressed to make impression. It follows that by either of these expedients alone or by both together the production of matter in cipher may be accomplished:

In the preceding description the operation of the several parts or groups of parts has already been perhaps sufficiently indicated.

A description of the combined operation of the parts in writing, which only repeats much that has already been stated, is as follows: Having adjusted that pawl, Fig. 0, which causes rotation in a direction contrary to that of the hands of a clockthat is, upward and backward from right toleft-the paper, which may either be in separate sheets or taken from a roll of paper g upon the paper-shaft, is inserted in the paper-guide of the platen g at a which will pass it between the feedroller and the platen by successive strokes upon the key Line in the keyboard. After the paper has in this manner been fed forward to the desired distance the type-wheel, if not at the moment at the left extremity of the shaft 1) should be brought to that point before beginning to write. Should the wheel be near the middle or at a point toward the right of the machine, the arm (I should be lifted, and with it the guide (1 (1 also, which may be accomplished by means of the lift (1 The pawls (Z (1 being thus released from the ratchet bars (1 (1 the type wheel may be freely moved along the shaft in either direction and may readily be adjusted at the left of the machine.

If it is desired that the writing shall be executed with capital and small letters, a typerim containing capital and small. letters will be applied upon the carrier-wheel in the manner already described.

Should it be required first to begin with a capital letter, the key marked Cap. will be depressed with the left hand, whereupon pin 6 (see Fig. 10) will push such pin into the oblique groove in the bearing of the shaft and turn the same in such manner that the type-wheel upon it will bring into alinement the first letter of that section of such wheel which contains the capital letters. Again, holding down the key Cap. the other hand may depress the key which controls the letter to be written.

The first effect of the depression of the second key will be the simultaneous elevation of the alinement-lever b and the movement into the path of the roller Z) of that one of the plates 11 which is connected with the key which is being depressed. As the elevation of the alinement-leveris continued the roller 0* will come into contact with the plate,which is thrown in its path at the same instant of time in which the letter to be written reaches alinement, and this alinement will be maintained as the arms 0 c are lifted by the still further elevation of the alinement-lever, in conjunction with the upward movement of the roller 1) against the plate with which it is in contact. The lift given the arms 0 c by the alinement-lever 6 brings forward the connecting-rods c 0 whereby two functions are performed. The wedge (Z upon the rod 0 at the right of the machine is caused to operate upon the ratchet-bar (1 giving it a lateral motion, the extent of length of traverse being just sufficient to carry one of the teeth of the bar If beyond the pawl d engaged with it. The vertical rockers 0 on which the platen is mounted, are given a forward tilt with a double effect. During the first half of the forward movement of the rockers their horizontally-extending portions f f together with the vertical rods f f which are pivoted in their front extremities, are made to drop,with the result that the springs f f are permitted to act upon the bent ribbon-bearing levers f f, the longer arms of which are thereby elevated, and the ribbon which they support is caused to intervene between the platen and the type wheel. Again, the platen when the rods 0 e have nearly finished their traverse is brought against the type-wheel with the pressure required to cause the character held in alinement to make an impression. Upon releasing the key Cap. the spring es, Fig. 10', provided for the key, brings it back to its normal position and in doing so reverses the movement of the pin a, with the result that the shaft D turns back and presents to the platen 9 that third of the type-wheel which 5 is provided with the small letters.

The letter having beenimprinted, upon the release of its key the spring against which the alinenlent-lever b was raised will operate to restore such lever to its normal posi- ,1

and the ribbon or ribbons will in consequence drop from between the platen and type-Wheel. That one of the pawls f which is then in engagement with its ratchetwheel will move said wheel forward one tooth and will cause the reel upon the operating ratchet-wheel to take ribbon from the other reel. The wedge 11 on the rod 0 at the right of the machine will move away from the ratchet-bar dflwhich bar will return to its normal position and carry the type-wheel with it over one letterspace. The pinioned antifriction-roller I), mounted within the type-wheel, will be caused by moving over the rack b, with which it is engaged, to slightly increase the tension of the coil-spring attached to its shaft. roller 7) will move away from the plate with which it was in contact. Such plate will re turn to its normal position, and simultaneously with its return the shaft b and with it the type-wheel, will turn back, so that the first letter of that third of the wheel which is in coincidence with the platen will be in.

causes a like operation, and when it is finished the type-wheel will be another space to the right in position to plant its next letter alongside that last written, the coil-spring within the type-wheel will have taken a little more tension, and the operating-pawl of the ribbon-feed will have pushed its ratchet one tooth farther. As long as the keys controlling the characters continue to be depressed one after another the operation described will continue. Then a word has been written, depression of the spacer (see Figs. 1 and 7) will move the ratchet-bar d the distance of one tooth to the left, and upon the release of the spacer the return of the ratchet-bar The 1 will carry the type-wheel one letter-space to the right without bringing a letter into alinement or producing an impression. \Vhen a line has been written, depression of the key Line will elevate the guideway d d and release the pawls d d from the ratchet-bars (Z (Z by the operation of its coil-spring, the type-wheel will be returned to the left of the machine, and the platen g, through the connection of its ratchet and pawl with the key Line, will be turned forward for the next line of writing. Thus line after line may be written, the type-wheel being returned to the left of the shaft b and the platen g slightly rotated for a new line of writing, wholly through the operation of the keyboard.

If greater speed in writing than can be attained by writing all words letter by letter is desired, the operator will place in position the lever m and adjust upon the carrierwheel a type-rim which has one of its segments provided with complete words, prefixes, and suffixes, which being done the words of most frequent occurrence in composition and the prefixes and suffixes of other words of frequent occurrence maybe written by making one depression in the same man ner as for a single letter. By this means the speed with which written sheets are produced will be greatly accelerated, the increase in any given period being generally more than twenty-five percentum. In taking advantage of this expedient to increase the speed of writing the manipulation of the keyboard is in no way different from that employed when the writing is produced letter by letter, and the operation ofthe mechanism is identical, except that the feed device accommodates itself in such manner as to carry the typewheel over one space more than the total number of letters in the word or suffix written and over only so many spaces as equal.

far to the left that in returning to its seated position it will carry the type-wheel over three letter-spaces. Similarly all words and suffixes of three letters and prefixes of four letters will come into alinement when the cam m has been given sufficient rotation to cause the type-wheel to be carried over five letter-spaces, and so on, the alining of words, prefixes, and suffixes and the adjustment of the cam m being so timed that the type-wheel is always carried over one letter-space more than the number of letters in the word or suffix written and over no more spaces than equal the number of letters in the prefix written. It follows from this that the space between the word or suffix written and the next succeeding word is effected by the same key-depression which produces the impression, and it also follows that with the impression of a prefix no space is effected, as none is desired.

\Vhen a sentence has been finished and the next sentence is not thrown into a new paragraph, the space between the two sentences may be made byone depression of the key 5 space. The 5 space key may be used with advantage for the spacing preceding a paragraph, also in bills, statements, &c., and with all the type-rims.

If it is desired to produce writing in which the letters thrown are placed farther apart than in ordinary writing, the operator will turn over to the left the handle al when the feed-arm (Z with its fulcrum, will be thereby lowered, and the operation of the ratchet-bar al will carry the type-wheel continuously over two letter-spaces upon the depression of any character-key or of the spacer. This device may be used only with type-rims which are provided with capital and small letters.

If it be desired to produce writing in two colors, the operator will place upon the ribbon-feed a ribbon of each of the required colors, one threaded through the lower'slot ls and the other through the upper slot us at the extremities of the longer arms of the lever f f when the ribbons may be caused alternately to intervene between the platen and the type-wheel, as letter by letter or word by word or sentence by sentence is written, the alternation being effected by depression and release of the key Color, whereby the stops f f are thrown into and out of the path of the shorter arms of the I05 levers f f I XVhen the ribbon has all been wound upon one reel, the tension it takes will pull upward that end of the lever f upon which the empty reel is, and the shift effected will disengage the pawl just in operation and engage the other pawl with its ratchet-wheel, and thus automatically reverse the feed.

Should it be necessary when writing to make a correction, the operator will shift the rod g in the slotted yoke and thus disengage the pawl just in operation and at the same time engage the other pawl with the ratchet g whereupon successively depressing the key Platen-feed will feed the paper back over what has been written.

If it be desired to make transcripts in indelible ink, the inker, Fig. 4, will be attached by placing the rod hi, upon which it is received, in its hearings in the side walls (t a of the frame, and the ribbon-inking device will be detached by throwing around its pawls, so as not to operate, and unhooking the springs f f from the shorter arms of the leversf f When it is desired .to keep the transcript together, that is, in a continuous sheet, the paper may be fed from the roll gl and as written upon wound on the paper-covered sec- IOO produced in cipher.

ondary roller by contact with the lower roll. After the transcript has been made the sheets may be separated at the perforations, the pa per in rolls being perforated at equal distances apart. iVhen it is desired to turn work out rapidly, it will be advantageous to take the paper from rolls, as the written sheet will always pull in place the sheet next to be written upon, and thus effect much saving of time.

When the clutch c upon the pin or stem 6" is so adjusted that the machine no longer brings into alinement the character shown on the key which is struck, but substitutes another, that is, as when the lugs b of the typerim 11 do not rest against the stop in the groove 11 but are held upon the carrier by the engagement of the spring-pin Z1 with one of the serrations be in the concave side of the type-rim b as in Fig. et the writing willbe By these means the matter written may be transposed in a great number of ways.

To translate the cipher-written matter, the clutch must be set back and soadjusted, or the type-rim mustbe moved into such position upon the carrier that in copying such matter the characters which make impression will correspond with the charactersshown upon the keys when operated to produce the cipher-written matter.

It will be apparent that by suit-able modi- -fications of the described construction the shaft which receives the type-bearing wheel might be provided with four faces instead of but three, and that corresponding changes in the divisions of the wheel and in its connections would follow, all without involving any departure from the invention as herein de scribed.

It will be understood that the purpose and arrangement of the independent key or shiftkey of this machine are to be distinguished from those of the shift-key of that class of machines in which the number of .printingcharacters exceeds the number of finger-keys and in which the shift-key merely determines which of two or more characters on a given type-bar shall be printed by the depression of a given key. In all such machines both or all of the characters of a given type-bar are indicated upon the finger-key which controls or actuates such bar, and the character printed is necessarily one of those which are indicated upon the finger-key but under the construction and operation above described the shift-key may be caused to bring any character of the entire series into printing connection or relation with any given key of the series, and the'characterwhichis printed and that which is indicated by the key which is depressed will not be in correspondence, and thus the written matter will be c *yptographic and wholly incomprehensible until translated.

It should be understood that this application is a substitute for and a continuation of and embraces the matters which are contained in an application for apatent for a type-writing machine, Serial No. 433,300, which was filed by me in the United States Patent Office on the 17th day of May, 1392, and which it is my intention to formally abandon.

spring which in the operation of the machine is movable, at the will of the operator, by successive equal or unequal steps, from one side to the opposite side of the machine, and which, upon the completion of such step-by-step movement, is retracted, by the coil-spring at a single movement, to the position which it first occupied.

2. In a type writing machine, a transverselyextending shaft which is provided lengthwise with a rack; combined with a typebearing wheel which is received upon such shaft, and which in the operation of printing engages a pinion with the rack on the shaft, and is successively moved along the shaft,

through controllably varying distances, until H a line of writing has been completed, and which upon the completion of a printed line is,

at a single movement, withdrawnto its origifrom end to end of its field of movement upon such shaft, and which upon reaching its limit, is retracted, at a single movement, to its original position at the left of the machine.

4:. In a type-writing machine, a triangular serrated shaft, and a type-bearing wheel which has a central triangular open frame or hub which is adapted to the faces and angles of the triangular shaft, and which is provided with impelling and retracting mechanism, substantially as specified, whereby in the operation of printing, it is impelled, step by step, through varying distances, from one extremity to the other of its field of movement, and whereby, when a line has been printed, it is retracted, at a single movement, to its original position.

5. In a type-writing machine, a triangular shaft, which is provided with a type-bearing wheel which has a central, triangular, open frame or hub, each angle of which is formed with outwardly-cxtending parallel walls, in

which is journaled an antifriction-roller; to

Lil

facilitate the movement of the type-bearing wheel along the shaft.

6. In a type-writing machine, a transversely extending triangular shaft which upon one of its angles is provided with serrations; in combination with a longitudinally extending type-bearingwheel which, in the operation of the machine, engages the serrations upon the shaft, and in one direction is moved step by step across the machine, and which is provided with a coilspring which when such step-by-step movement is completed, operates to retract such wheel, and to return it, by a single movement, to its original position.

7. In a type writing machine, a transversely-extending triangular shaft which has rota-Live movement in a vertical plane; and a vertical, longitudinally-extending type-bearing wheel which is axially mounted upon the shaft, and which in one direction is, in the operation of the machine, movable step by step, through varying distances, from end to end of the shaft, and which, upon the completion of such step-by-step movement, is withdrawn, at a single movement, to its original position upon the shaft; in combination, substantially as described.

8. In a type writing machine, a transversely-extendin g triangular shaft, which has along one of its angles a series of serrations, combined with a type-bearing wheel which is received upon such transversely-extending shaft, and which is provided with an antifriction-roller which has pinion s, for engagement with the serrations upon the shaft.

9. In a type writing 'machine, a transversely extending triangular shaft which upon one of its angles is provided with a se ries of serrations; combined with a type-bearing wheel which is received upon such transvcrsely-extending shaft, and which is provided with an antifriction-roller which is pinioned, and to the shaft of which is attached one extremity of a coiled retractingspring.

10. In a type -writing machine, a trans versely-extending triangular shaft which is supported in bearings at the sides of the machine, and which is provided in one of its journals with an obliquelycxtendin g groove; combined with a movable arm I)", which is provided with a pin which is in engagement with the groove, to cause rotative movement of the shaft.

ll. In a type -writing machine, a transverselyextending rotative triangular serrated shaft; avertical, longitudinally-extending, type-bearing wheel, which is provided with antifriction appliances, and with a retracting-spring which is centrally received upon the shaft, and which, in the operation of the machine, is movable step by step, through varying distances, in one direction, and by a single movement, in the opposite direction, from side to side of the machine; and mechanism upon the machine substantially as described, which operates in connection with the typebearing wheel, to regulate and control the alinement of characters thereon; in combination.

12. In a type-writing machine, a serrated shaft which extends across the machine; and has rotative motion in bearings thereon; a verticaliy-arran ged longitndinally-extending type-bearin g serration-engaging wheel which is received upon the transverse shaft; and which in the operation of printing. engages the serrations thereon and an arm which engages one of the vertical faces of the typebearing wheel and is actuated by mechanism which is operated from the keyboard; to move the type-bearing wheel along the shaft from the left to the right extremity thereof, in combination.

13 In a type-writing machine, a serrated shaft which extends transversely of the machine, and has rotative motion in bearings thereon, and a vertically-arranged type-bearing shaft-engaging wheel, upon the transversely-extending shaft, in combination with a feed mechanism operative from the keyboard, which embraces two horizontal transversely-extending superposed ratchet-bars, and an arm the base of which is engaged by the ratchet-bars, and is in actuating engagement with the type-bearing wheel, to impel it from one side to the other of the machine; substantially as specified.

14:. In a type writing machine, a transversely-extending shaft which is provided with serrations, combined with a type-bearing wheel which embraces an interior portion or carrier, which engages the transverselyextending shaft for longitudinal movement thereon; and an encircling detachable rim or continuous tire, or type-carrying ring, which is interchangeable with one or more secondary rings which are of like dimensions with the first, but are provided with dissimilar characters; substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

15. In a type-writing machine, a transverselyextending supporting shaft, com bined with a type-bearing wheel upon the shaft, which embraces an interior shaft-engaging carrier, in the perimeter of which are notches, and a type rim or ring which is provided with interiorly-projecting lugs which are adapted to be received within the notches of the interior carrier.

16. In a type-writing machine, a type-bearing wheel in which are combined an interior carrier which has in its perimeter a series of notches, and which has in its outer periphery a continuous recess or encircling groove; and a type rim or ring which is adapted to be received upon the interior carrier, and which is provided with projecting lugs which are adapted to the notches and to the groove formed in the carrier.

17 In a type-writing machine a type-bearing wheel in which are combined an interior carrier which is provided with a series of notches, a peripheral groove, and a series of IIO 

